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Antonovsky¢¥s salutogenic model and nursing

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KMID : 0439019950040010110
°øÀº¼÷/Kong, Eun Suk

Abstract

°£È£Çаú ÀÇÇÐÀÌ ¹ßÀüÇÑ Áö³­ ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È °Ç°­À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Áúº´À» ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿Ô´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ °Ç°­À» ÀÌÇØÇϴµ¥ Áúº´¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡À» ¸ÂÃß´Â °ÍÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ½ÀÌ ¿©·¯ ÇÐÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ÁöÀûµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Áúº´Áß½ÉÀû ½Ã°¢ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡ ¶§¹®¿¡ °£È£Çп¡¼­µµ °Ç°­Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ ³íÀÇ°¡ È®»êµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÇ·á»çȸÇÐÀÚÀÎ Antonovsky´Â Áúº´Áß½ÉÀûÀÎ ½Ã°¢À» ´ëüÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Ç°­¿äÀÎÁöÇâÀû ¸ðµ¨À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×´Â Áúº´¿äÀÎÀÌ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸¸ç µû¶ó¼­ ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î¶² »ç¶÷ÀÌ Áúº´¿¡ °É¸®´Â°¡°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¾î¶² »ç¶÷Àº ¿Ö º¸ÆíÀûÀÎ Áúº´¿äÀÎÀÇ Á¸Àç¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í Áúº´¿¡ °É¸®Áö ¾Ê°í °Ç°­ÇÏ°Ô Áö³»´Â°¡ÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â °³ÀÎÀ» °Ç°­ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¿äÀÎÀ¸·Î Àü¹ÝÀû ³»¼ºÀÚ¿ø(Generalized Resistance Resources)°ú Çö½ÇÈ®½Å°¨(Sense of Coherence)À» µé°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ °³ÀÎÀº ¾È¶ô/ºÒÆí(¶Ç´Â °Ç°­/Áúº´)ÀÇ ¿¬¼Ó¼±»ó¿¡¼­ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÇ·áÁ¾»çÀÚ°¡ ÇÒ ÀÏÀº °Ç°­¿äÀÎÀ» ÁõÁø½ÃÄÑ °³ÀÎÀ» ¾È¶ô(¶Ç´Â °Ç°­)ÀÇ ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í º»´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌ·ÐÀº Áúº´Áß½ÉÀû ¸ðµ¨À» º¸´Ù ½É°¢ÇÏ°Ô ¹Ý¼ºÇØ º¼ Çʿ伺À» Á¦±âÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °³ÀÎÀ» ƯÁ¤ Áúº´¿¡¼­ ±¸Á¦ÇÏ´Â À̷е麸´Ùµµ °³ÀÎÀ» Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ °Ç°­»óÅ¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â À̷аú ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» °³¹ßÇؾßÇÒ Çʿ伺À» Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀº °£È£ÇÐÀÇ ¸¹Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Çõ½ÅÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Â »ý°¢µéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Disease has been used for criteria in understanding health in nursing and medi-
cine for several centuries. But some scholars point out that there is a problem to
understand health by disease. Nusring has also been based on pathogenic perspec-
tive in its knowledge development and practices.
Aaron Antonovsky, a medical sociologist in Israel, suggests the Salutogenic
Model to overcome the problems of pathogenic perspectives. According to him, an
appropriate question in health is not why someone gets sick but why someone
stays healthy while others do not. He thinks, since an individual is always moving
on the ease/disease continum, what health professionals have to do is to help
people move toward health(or ease). He emphasizes the importance of sense of co-
herence and generalized resistance resources of an individual in moving toward
health and suggests ideas for research.
His theory makes nursing science reflect on its traditional pathogenic orientation
more seriously. His ideas also stimulate nursing to develop theories and skills to
move people toward health. His ideas can dramatically change traditional nursing
education and practices.

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